154
Alex Warofka, ’An Independent Assessment of the Human Rights Impact of Facebook in Myanmar’, Meta, November 5, 2018, https://about.fb.com/news/2018/11/myanmar-hria/; Sheera Frenkel and Davey Alba, ’In India, Facebook Grapples With an Amplified Version of Its Problems’, The New York Times, October 23, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/23/technology/facebook-india-misinformation.html.
155
Micah Zenko, ’Obama’s Final Drone Strike Data’, Council on Foreign Relations, January 20, 2017, https://www.cfr.org/blog/obamas-final-drone-strike-data#:~:text=Less%20than%20two%20weeks%20ago,3%2C797%20people%2C%20including%20324%20civilians.
156
H. Harding, ’The Impact of Tiananmen on China’s Foreign Policy’, The National Bureau of Asian Research 1, no. 3 (December 1, 1990), https://www.nbr.org/publication/the-impact-of-tiananmen-on-chinas-foreign-policy/.
157
D. Barboza, ’China Surpasses U.S. in Number of Internet Users’, New York Times, July 26, 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/business/worldbusiness/26internet.html.
158
Human Rights Watch, ’Human Rights Activism in Post-Tiananmen China’, May 30, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/05/30/humanrights-activism-post-tiananmen-china.
159
C. Brooker, R. Jones, and M. Schur, ’Nosedive, Season 3 Episode 1’, IMDB, October 21, 2016, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5497778/.
160
L. Maizland, ’China’s Repression of Uyghurs in Xinjiang’, Council on Foreign Relations, September 22, 2022, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-xinjiang-uyghurs-muslims-repression-genocide-human-rights#chapter-title-0-1.
161
Maizland.
162
A. Ramzy and C. Buckley, ’The Xinjiang Papers’, The New York Times, November 16, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/16/world/asia/china-xinjiang-documents.html.
163
S. Busby, ’Testimony of Deputy Assistant Secretary Scott Busby, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Subcommittee On East Asia, The Pacific, And International Cybersecurity Policy’, https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/120418_Busby_Testimony.pdf.
164
’The Fight Against Terrorism and Extremism in Xinjiang: Truth and Facts’, United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, August 2022, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/2022-08-31/ANNEX_A.pdf.
165
P. Mozur, M. Xiao, and J. Liu, ’“An Invisible Cage”: How China Is Policing the Future’, The New York Times, June 25, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/25/technology/china-surveillance-police.html.
166
’Big Data Fuels Crackdown in Minority Region’, Humans Rights Watch, February 26, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/26/china-bigdata-fuels-crackdown-minority-region.
167
M. Wang, ’China’s Algorithms of Repression’, Human Rights Watch, May 2019, https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/05/01/chinas-algorithms-repression/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass#4458.
168
Human Rights Watch, ’Big Data Program Targets Xinjiang’s Muslims’, December 9, 2020, https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/09/china-big-data-program-targets-xinjiangs-muslims.
169
’Big Data Program Targets Xinjiang’s Muslims’.
170
E. Feng, ’“Afraid We Will Become The Next Xinjiang”: China’s Hui Muslims Face Crackdown’, NPR, September 26, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/09/26/763356996/afraid-we-will-become-the-next-xinjiang-chinas-hui-muslims-face-crackdown.
171
Mozur, Xiao, and Liu.
172
A. Mbembe, Necropolitics (Duke University Press, 2019).
173
S. Tripathi, ’Abduweli Ayup on Government Use of Facial Recognition Technology’, Institute for Human Rights and Business, October 16, 2019, https://voices.ihrb.org/episodes/podcast-abduweli-ayup.
174
P. Mozur, ’In Hong Kong Protests, Faces Become Weapons’, The New York Times, July 26, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/26/technology/hong-kong-protests-facial-recognition-surveillance.html.
175
S. Bradshaw, ’Influence Operations and Disinformation on Social Media’, Centre for International Governance Innovation, 2020, https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep27510.9.pdf.
176
Y. Yang and M. Ruehl, ’China’s Leading AI Start-Ups Hit by US Blacklisting’, The Financial Times, October 8, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/663ab29c-e9bd-11e9-85f4-d00e5018f061.
177
M. Murgia, ’Who’s Using Your Face? The Ugly Truth about Facial Recognition’, The Financial Times, September 18, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/cf19b956-60a2-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e.
178
M. Ruehl, P. Riordan, and E. Olcott, ’Can SenseTime Become a Chinese AI Champion?’, The Financial Times, September 21, 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/c735e0f3-5704-47b5-a76f-7a02d53a1525.
179
J. Pickard and Y. Yang, ’UK Politicians Raise Alarm over Chinese CCTV Providers’, The Financial Times, July 4, 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/dc74d6ea-8238-456f-9512-931a8cd0656e.
180
Y. Yang, ’UK Limits Use of Chinese-Made Surveillance Systems on Government Sites’, The Financial Times, November 25, 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/abdc8265-7188-4d59-ab62-596416bc76cb.
181
M. Murgia and C. Shepherd, ’Western AI Researchers Partnered with Chinese Surveillance Firms’, The Financial Times, April 19, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/41be9878-61d9-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e.
182
Y. Yang and M. Murgia, ’Facial Recognition: How China Cornered the Surveillance Market’, The Financial Times, December 6, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/6f1a8f48-1813-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385.
183
R. Wu and L. Yuxiu, ’A Law Professor Defends His Rights: The Risks of Facial Recognition Are Greater than You Think’, The Paper, China, October 21, 2020, https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_9640715.
184
Mozur, Xiao, and Liu.
185
P. Mozur, ’The AI-Surveillance Symbiosis in China: A Big Data China Event’, Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 18, 2022, https://www.csis.org/analysis/ai-surveillance-symbiosis-china-big-data-china-event.
186
Y. Yang, ’China’s Zero-Covid Protests Create a Rare Nationwide Coalition of Interests’, The Financial Times, November 28, 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/9fd310a3-cc3f-422a-960c-6a2b63d144dd.
187
P. Mozur, C. Fu, and A. Chang Chien, ’How China’s Police Used Phones and Faces to Track Protesters’, The New York Times, December 4, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/business/china-protests-surveillance.html.
188
M. Murgia, ’Transformers: The Google Scientists Who Pioneered an AI Revolution’, The Financial Times, July 23, 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/37bb01af-ee46-4483-982f-ef3921436a50.
189
A. Vaswani et al., ’Attention Is All You Need’, Arxiv, June 12, 2017, https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762.
190
M. Murgia, ’OpenAI’s Mira Murati: The Woman Charged with Pushing Generative AI into the Real World’, The Financial Times, June 18, 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/73f9686e-12cd-47bc-aa6e-52054708b3b3.
191
R. Waters and T. Kinder, ’Microsoft’s $10bn Bet on ChatGPT Developer Marks New Era of AI’, The Financial Times, January 16, 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/a6d71785-b994-48d8-8af2-a07d24f661c5.
192
M. Murgia and Visual Storytelling, ’Generative AI Exists Because of the Transformer’, The Financial Times, September 12, 2023, https://ig.ft.com/generative-ai/.
193
Murgia and Visual Storytelling.
194
K. Woods, ’GPT Is a Better Therapist than Any Therapist I’ve Ever Tried’, Twitter, April 6, 2023, https://twitter.com/Kat__Woods/status/1644021980948201473.
195
